Will Hirakata and the place of the same climate be in Australia?

Will Hirakata and the place of the same climate be in Australia?

Hirakata is a city located in Osaka, Japan.

Temperature of Hirakata is the average temperature from 2009 to 2011.

I got the temperature of each Australia place from the site of the trip.

Temperature of each place

Monthly temperature difference is subtract monthly minimum temperature from monthly maximum temperature.
Monthly temperature difference of Alice Springs is much greater than monthly temperature difference of Hirakata.

Annual temperature difference is obtained by subtracting minimum temperature of the winter from minimum temperature of the summer.
In many places of Australia, annual temperature difference of Australia is much small than annual temperature difference of Hirakata.
The hot area is warm in the winter, and the cold area is cool in the summer. 

The desert zone that differences between heat and cold have a big is near to the maximum temperature and minimum temperature of Hirakata.

I tried to validate the detailed data, whether or not there is a place that is similar to Hirakata.
The following figure used data of the Australian government.

Highest temperature map

Minimum temperature map

Composite map

  ※The composite map is own work.

It is thought that it is QLD Mitchel when I check meteorological observatory data of this neighborhood.

I have created a graph in numerical data of Mitchell.

Graphs are based on the meteorological data of the Australian Government.

In winter of Hirakata, temperature rises around 8 degrees from minimum temperature and becomes around 9 degrees at the daytime.

In winter of Mitchell temperature rises around 13 degrees from minimum temperature and becomes around 20 degrees at the daytime.
We can feel the 20 degrees temperature all year in Mitchell.

I cannot experience it in Hirakata

From Google Maps

The terrain of Mitchell seems such as the nook of the plain that is blocked by the mountain.

The terrain of Hirakata is the nook of the Osaka Plain that is blocked by the mountain of Kyoto and Nara.

Next graph is air temperature of Alice Springs and Arltunga.

I have created a graph in based on the meteorological data of the Australian Government.

Arltunga is the minimum temperature about 2 degrees lower than Alice Springs.

A Alice spring

B Arltunga

In both areas, the temperature is a similar tendency.

In many places of Australia, annual temperature difference of Australia is much small than annual temperature difference of Hirakata.
The hot area is warm in the winter, and the cold area is cool in the summer.
The winter highest temperature is the same as summer minimum temperature.

There is one puncta of temperature that you can always sense in Australia.
However,  summer temperatures and winter temperatures in Hirakata are very different.

In the eucalyptus which I cultivate, there are gamophylla of the Alice spring and melanophloia of Mitchell.

It was seeded at time same as both.
It is planting a flowerpot with the same soil.
They have grown in the open air exposed to rain.

Below is a graph of the temperature of the winter Mitchell and Alice spring.  The data of Hirakata is January 2011.

The room temperature becomes 20 degrees from 18 degrees when I put a stove in winter.

Green meat compartment of the refrigerator is 5 to 7 degree, and  the refrigerator door pocket  is 6 to 9 degree.
Eucalyptus grown in Hirakata feel like inside the refrigerator.

When we cultivate Eucalyptus, on that condition Hirakata does not have Australia and the place of the similar temperature.

The environment is different, but the eucalyptus grows.
Eucalyptus survives strong  to changes in the environment.

Precipitation of Hirakata and Australia.

Because there is little precipitation, it is necessary to reduce quantity of the watering.

But when I change the way I think.
I think, not necessarily eucalyptus accumulated in leaf water directly, the amount of water that seeps into the ground because it becomes a problem, by dropping quite a water-holding capacity of the soil, whether it is not capable of supporting the watering.

I think I should examine the soil of Australia.

The minimum temperature is an important key

In the early summer of this year, the growth of the seedling was slow.

I felt early-morning temperature to be chilly.

Does temperature influence the growth of Eucalyptus?

It was as follows when I examined temperature.

I made  a graph of temperature of 2010 and 2011 and 2012.

The minimum temperature from June 20 to July 10 lowers in comparison with the last year.

The seedling becomes fast-growing, when keeping minimum temperature more than 23 degrees.

The growth speed of Eucalyptus seems to influence the temperature.

Summer in Japan for Eucalyptus

Many seedling of Eucalyptus died in summer of 2011.

Was the summer of 2011 too hot for the eucalyptus?

This graph is comparison of the temperature of 2010 and 2011.

Hirakara-shi Osaka japan.


I think about the same even if I compare the temperature of 2011 with the temperature of 2010.

Temperature was not a cause and would be caused by other environment. .....?



I examined the daylight hours and precipitation.

The unit of the daylight hours is hours.



The unit of precipitation is mm.

In periods from May to September,




The daylight hours of 2011 was decrease more 90-hour than 2010.

The precipitation of 2011 is increase of 140mm than 2010.

I think that it was the environment where the soil of the flowerpot is hard to dry.

Drying of the soil of the flowerpot will be an important thing for Eucalyptus.

Temperature of January of Hirakata

This graph is minimum temperature of January of Hirakata by the Meteorological Agency data.

There seem to have been many days when a temperature became 0 degrees or less.

The place where the eucalyptus is put lowers from 1 to 2 degrees more than the temperature of the Meteorological Agency.

On the day of a blue line, the plant pot is sure to have frozen.

For your information, the 31st Jan. was -6 degrees.

Needle ice

The thermometer in the place where I put a eucalyptus was about -4 degree Celsius.

Needle ice lifted the potting compost.

Under the eaves?

Needle ice has not been generated though the potting compost was frozen.

The temperature differs a little when 'Plant pot put on a weather-beaten place' and 'Plant pot put under the eaves' are compared.

"Slightly different" is "Greatly different"

What it is the title which it does not understand well, but it is the plant pot place in the winter season.

It is a photograph after 2 days when the watering was done all together in spite of winter.

The following two photographs

The plant pot of the completely weather-beaten place.

The plant pot under the eaves.

If it rains even if it is under the eaves, it is a place that becomes water-soak according to the wind.












There are not fluctuated the temperatures, because it puts two plant pots on the place of about one meter.

Why is it different?

Is it frost?

Frost is the solid deposition of water vapor from saturated air.

If a solid surface is chilled below the dew point of the surrounding air and the surface itself is colder than freezing, frost will form on the surface. Frost consists of spicules of ice which grow out from the solid surface. The size of the crystals depends on time, temperature, and the amount of water vapor available. Based on wind direction, "Frost arrows" might form.

In general, for frost to form the deposition surface must be colder than the surrounding air. For instance frost may be observed around cracks in cold wooden sidewalks when moist air escapes from the ground below. Other objects on which frost tends to form are those with low specific heat or high thermal emissivity, such as blackened metals; hence the accumulation of frost on the heads of rusty nails. The apparently erratic occurrence of frost in adjacent localities is due partly to differences of elevation, the lower areas becoming colder on calm nights. It is also affected by differences in absorptivity and specific heat of the ground which in the absence of wind greatly influences the temperature attained by the superincumbent air.

From Wikipedia "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frost".

When easily explaining

1. A potting compost becomes cold.
2. A certain atmospheric steam is frozen near potting compost.
3. 2 is repeated.

We say "Frost falls from the sky toward ground" in Japan.
However, it is actually what freezes sequentially from ground.

If frost is not falls from the sky toward ground, eaves are unrelated.

But the plant pot under the eaves is not frozen.


About the radiational cooling.

Radiative cooling is the process by which a body loses heat by radiation. In the case of the earth-atmosphere system it refers to the process by which long-wave (infra red) radiation is emitted to balance the absorption of short-wave (visible) energy from the sun.

The exact process by which the earth loses heat is rather more complex than often portrayed. In particular, convective transport of heat, and evaporative transport of latent heat are both important in removing heat from the surface and redistributing it in the atmosphere. Pure radiative transport is more important higher up. Diurnal and geographical variation further complicate the picture.

The large-scale circulation of the Earth's atmosphere is driven by the difference in absorbed solar radiation per square meter, as the sun heats the Earth more in the Tropics, mostly because of geometrical factors. The atmospheric and oceanic circulation redistributes some of this energy as sensible heat and latent heat partly via the mean flow and partly via eddies, known as cyclones in the atmosphere. Thus the tropics radiate less to space than they would if there were no circulation, and the poles radiate more; however in absolute terms the tropics radiate more energy to space.

Radiative cooling is commonly experienced on cloudless nights, when heat is radiated into space from the surface of the Earth, or from the skin of a human observer. The effect is well-known among amateur astronomers, and can personally be felt on the skin of an observer on a cloudless night. To feel the effect, one compares the difference between looking straight up into a cloudless night sky for several seconds, to that of placing a sheet of paper between one's face and the sky. Since outer space radiates at about a temperature of 3 kelvins (-270 degrees Celsius or -450 degrees Fahrenheit), and the sheet of paper radiates at about 300 kelvins (room temperature), the sheet of paper radiates more heat to one's face than does the darkened cosmos. The effect is blunted somewhat by Earth's surrounding atmosphere which also traps heat. Note that it is not correct to say that the sheet "blocks the cold" of the night sky; instead, the sheet is literally warming your face, just like a camp fire warms your face; the only difference is that a campfire is several hundred degrees warmer than a sheet of paper, just like a sheet of paper is several hundred degrees warmer than the deep night sky.

From Wikipedia "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiative_cooling".

As for the plant pot of the weather-beaten place, an electromagnetic wave of the potting compost is effused in preparation for outer space, and temperature of the potting compost deteriorates.

As for the plant pot of under the eaves, a temperature fall of the potting compost shrinks by the electromagnetic wave which the wall and the eaves emit.

It is a little difference whether freeze or do not freeze, it is a turning point.

Temperature of my home

The lowest temperature and the highest temperature of Hirakata Osaka Japan.
It is a transition of the temperature in the region where I am growing the eucalyptus.


It is a transition of the lowest temperature of the past 30 years.

The temperature never lowers than USDA Zone 9b recently.


It is a graph according to the day of 2010.

A red line is the highest temperature.
A blue line is the lowest temperature.

It is a several days that temperature lowers than USDA Zone 10a.

The data from the Japan Meteorological Agency.

ユーカリに初雪

枚方にも初雪が降りました。

昨日の午後に降った雨で、ポットが湿っていましたので、

夜間の気温低下で、

ポットは凍りついてカチカチ。

そのうえ、

雪の洗礼を受けました。


天気予報では、明日も曇り時々雪、

連日の凍結となると、

解凍された時が、

少し怖い様な・・・


写真は、
学名：Eucalyptus urnigera （ユーカリ・アーニゲラ）
英名：Urn gum

凍りついたユーカリのポット

ユーカリを置いている場所の今朝の温度はマイナス2度。

睡蓮鉢に初氷がはっていました。

ユーカリのポットは凍りついて、かちかち。

写真をとるにも手がかじかんで、

ピンボケです。

ピンボケは今日に限った事ではありませんが m( _  _ )m

赤玉に氷

何となく綺麗ですが。

この寒さで、

crenulataやglobulusがおじぎをしていました。

写真は、

学名：Eucalyptus urnigera （ユーカリ・アーニゲラ）
英名：Urn gum

ユーカリの冬・クルセアナ

日照の悪い中、最低気温が２～３度になり、ユーカリにとってダブルパンチでしょうか？

クルセアナの先端が・・・




樹高が１０センチ位のものの先端は元気なのですが、


倍以上ある樹高のものが先に傷んできました。


小さな苗のほうが環境適応能力が高いのでしょうか？









学名：Eucalyptus kruseana （ユーカリ・クルセアナ）
英名：Brookleaf Mallee

寒くなってきました

朝方、はく息が白く感じるのは私だけ？

タバコを吸いならが観察するのは止めたほうが良いかも・・・


枚方だけじゃなくて、どことも寒くなってきたと思いますが、

感覚的なザくっとしたものですが、枚方の状況です。

１０月の２５日までは最低気温が１６℃前後あったものが、いきなり１０度前後まで低下し、

２０日位までは日照時間も５時間程度あったものが、１時間ある無しという環境で、

ちょっとオーバーかも？


台風接近に伴う雨、マクロカルパにとっては最悪の環境なんでしょうね。

首をかしげてしまいました。







でも、マクロカルパの小型版のロダンタは持ちこたえています。

顔色が少し悪いかも・・・



















観察継続です。


写真左（上）
学名：Eucalyptus macrocarpa ssp macrocarpa（ユーカリ・マクロカルパ・マクロカルパ）
英名：Mottlecah / Rose of the West

写真右（下）
学　　名： Eucalyptus rhodantha（ユーカリ・ロダンタ）
英　　名： Rose Mallee

木枯らし一番

木枯らし一番で、

２メートルのプルベルレンタは支柱ごと首をかしげてしまうやら、

１メートル超のモリスビーの枝は釣り糸が絡んだ様な状態に、

小さなクレイドカリックス・ナナに至っては、枝が１本折れてしまいました。


写真は少々ボケていますが、次の木枯らしでクレイドカリックス・ナナが幹ごと折れないうちに







赤く染まったクレイドカリックス・ナナの葉っぱです。










学名：Eucalyptus cladocalyx nana（ユーカリ・クレイドカリックス・ナナ）
英名：Dwarf Sugar gum

ユーカリに尺取り虫

小さな尺取り虫がいっぱい・・・


それも、夏場成長をストップしていたEucalyptus polybractea（ユーカリ・ポリブラクテア）がようよう動き出したところなのに、葉っぱの裏にいっぱいついています。


他のユーカリを調べてみると、Eucalyptus macrocarpa ssp macrocarpa（ユーカリ・マクロカルパ・マクロカルパ）、Eucalyptus rhodantha（ ユーカリ・ロダンタ ）、Eucalyptus gunnii（ユーカリ・グニー）、Eucalyptus radiata （ユーカリ・ラディアータ）が、それ以外の沢山の品種に食われたあとが・・・


ひどい分はオルトランのスプレーを、すべての鉢にオルトランの顆粒を、

もれなく殺虫


スプレーすると、やはり柔らかい新芽や葉っぱはひとたまりもなく傷んでしまいました。

最悪！！

ユーカリに夜露

数日前までは連日の猛暑日で、「あついあつい」と騒いでいたのがうその様に、今朝布団無しでは風邪をひいてしまうほど寒く感じました。





ユーカリにうっすらと夜露の様なものが、

涼しいと言うか、寒いと言うか

今年初めての夜露でしょうか？




秋の訪れ・・・






学名：Eucalyptus delegatensis ssp tasmaniensis （ユーカリ・デレガテンシス・タスマニエンシス）
英名：Alpine ash / Blue leaf / White top
和名：-----

備考： ニューサウスウエールスのアルプス山麓に自生しているようです